Introduction

• In any programming language there are 2 types of errors are possible:
  • Syntax Errors
  • Runtime Errors

Syntax Errors

• The errors which occurs because of invalid syntax are called syntax errors.

Example

x=10
if x==10
  print("Hello")

Output

SyntaxError: expected ':'

Example

print "Hello"

Output

SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print(...)?

Note

• Programmer is responsible to correct these syntax error. Once all syntax errors are corrected then only program execution will be started.

Runtime Errors

• Runtime errors also known as exceptions.
• While executing the program if something goes wrong because of end user input or programming logic or memory problems … etc. then we will get runtime errors.

Example

print(10/0)

Output

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Example

print(10/"ten")

Output

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'int' and 'str'

Example

x==int(input("Enter Number:"))
print(x)

Output

Enter Number:ten
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'ten'

Note

• Exception handling concept applicable for runtime errors but not for syntax errors.

Exception

• An unwanted and unexpected event that disturbs normal flow of program is called exception.
• Some examples of exception are:
  • ZeroDivisonError
  • TypeError
  • ValueError
  • FileNotFoundError
  • EOFError
• It is highly recommended to handle exceptions. The main objective of exception handling is graceful termination of the program.

Example

print("Hello") 
print(10/0) 
print("Hi")

Output

Hello 
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Exception Hierarchy

• All exception classes are child classes of Base Exception i.e. every exception class extends Base Exception either directly or indirectly. Hence Base Exception acts as root for python exception hierarchy.
• Most of the times being a programmer we have to concentrate exception and its child classes.

Ungraded Questions

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